Interpersonal Relationship Needs of Employees of Private and Public Sector Organizations : A FIRO Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2016/v9i7/97783Keywords:
Interpersonal Needs
, Inclusion, Control, Affection, Expression, Wanted, Private Sector and Public SectorL1
, L20, L25, L26, L33Paper Submission Date
, April 27, 2016, Paper sent back for Revision, May 6, Paper Acceptance Date, June 11, 2016.Abstract
The present study investigated the significant difference between various interpersonal relationship needs of the employees of private and public sector organizations ; 437 employees were selected from 55 public and private organizations in and around Kolkata, irrespective of the mode of operations. Fundamental interpersonal relationship orientation - Behavior (FIRO-B) scale developed by William Schutz in 1958 was administered to collect the data from the sample. For analysis of the data, descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA were used. The findings revealed that significant difference existed between private and public sector employees in total wanted need; total behavior needs such as inclusion, control, as well as overall needs score. It was seen that private sector employees held stronger interpersonal needs than public sector employees. From the profiling of their FIRO-B score, it was seen categorically that employees from both the sectors fell in almost similar categories regarding individual need score as well as total and behavioral need scores. This research study would help management committees of these organizations to engage their employees in effective decision making as well as personality development training depending upon their interpersonal needs.Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
References
Abbah, M. T. (2014). Employee motivation: The key to effective organizational management in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 16 (4), 1-8. doi: 10.9790/487X-16410108
Allen, J.M., & Sawhney, R. (2012). Administration and management in criminal justice: A service quality approach. (2nd ed, pp. 1-26). Sage Publications. Retrieved from http://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/32122_1.pdf
Ancoin, P. (1989). Middle managers: The crucial link. Canadian Public Administration, 32(2), 187- 270.
Appelberg, K., Romanov, K., Heikkila, K., & Koskenvuo, M. (1996). Interpersonal conflict as a predictor of work disability, a follow up study of 15, 348 Finnish employees. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 40 (2), 157-67.
Barla, V. (2011). A comparative study on government and private sector HR practices in Andhra Pradesh. International Journal of Management Procedure, 3 (2), 89-101.
Baumeister, R.F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong : Desire for interpersonal
attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497-529.
Bhaskar, A. (2016). Research studies signifying the relationship between HRM policy and organizational commitment. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 6 (1), 181- 183.
Boxall, P., & Purcell, J. (2011). Strategy and human resource management (3rd ed.). Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan.
Broeck, V. A., Ferris, D. L., Chang, C., & Rosen, C. C. (2016). A review of self-determination theory's basic psychological needs at work. Journal of Management, 20 (10), 1-35. doi : 10.1177/0149206316632058
Dance, A. (2011).The ambiguity of the middle management role. Manager Performance, 1-5. Retrieved from http://www.managerperformance.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Ambiguity-of-the-Middle-Manager-Role.pdf
De Lange, A. H., Taris, T. W., Kompier, M. A. J., Houtman, I. L. D., & Bongers, P. M. (2004). The relationships between work characteristics and mental health: Examining normal, reversed and reciprocal relationships in a 4-wave study. Work & Stress: An International Journal of Work, Health & Organization, 18(2), 149-166. doi:10.1080/02678370412331270860
Di Marco, N.J. (1974). Supervisor- subordinate life-style and interpersonal need compatibilities as determinants of subordinate's attitudes toward the supervisor. Academy of Management Journal, 17(3), 575-578. doi: 10.2307/254661
Fox, T., Ward, H., & Howard, B. (October, 2002). Public sector roles in strengthening corporate social responsibility: A baseline study. Corporate Responsibility for Environment and Development Programme. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), pp. 1-46.
Furnham, A., Crump, J., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2007). Managerial level, personality and intelligence. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22 (8), 805-818. doi: 10.1108/02683940710837732
Gill, C. (1999). Use of hard and soft models of HRM to illustrate the gap between rhetoric and reality in workforce management (Working paper No. WP 99/13). RMIT University, School of Management, Melbourne. Retrieved from http://mams.rmit.edu.au/d4lhtsmk45c.pdf
Gould-Williams, J.,& Davies, F. (2005). Using social exchange theory to predict the effects of HRM practice on employee outcomes: An analysis of public sector workers. Public Management Review, 7 (1), 1-24. doi: 10.1080/1471903042000339392
Gouri. G. (1996). Privatization and public sector enterprises in India: Analysis of Impact of a non- policy. Economic and Political Weekly, 31 (48), 63-74.
Hallier, J., & James, P. (1997). Middle managers and the employee psychological contract: Agency, protection and advancement. Journal of Management Studies, 34 (5), 703-728.doi: 10.1111/1467-6486.00069
Hsia, W. J., & Tseng, H. A. (2015). Exploring the relationships among locus of control, work enthusiasm, leader-member exchange, organizational commitment, job involvement, and organizational citizenship behavior of high-tech employees in Taiwan. Universal Journal of Management, 3 (11), 463-469. doi: 10.13189/ujm.2015.031105
Jenster, N. P., & Steiler, D. (2010). Compassionate virtual leadership: Impact of support and inclusion on motivation and cohesiveness. Paper presented in Academy of Management Conference held in Montreal on August 6-10, 2010. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dominique_Steiler/publication/271963521_COMPASSIONATE_VIRTUAL_LEADERSHIP_IMPACT_OF_SUPPORT_AND_INCLUSION_ON_MOTIVATION_AND_COHESIVENESS/links/54d759e00cf246475813d205.pdfDOI: 10.13140/2.1.2223.6967
Kiesler, D. J. (1996). Contemporary interpersonal theory and research: Personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy. New York, NY: Wiley.
Knoll, D. L., & Gill, H. (2011). Antecedents of trust in supervisors, subordinates, and peers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 26 (4), 313- 330. doi: 10.1108/02683941111124845
Lam, L. W., & Lau, D. C. (2012). Feeling lonely at work: Investigating the consequences of unsatisfactory workplace relationships. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(20), 1-18. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2012.665070
Li, H., & Lai, V. (2007). Interpersonal relationship needs of virtual community participation: A FIRO perspective. AMCIS 2007 Proceedings, 1-11. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Honglei_Li/publication/220890328_Interpersonal_Relationship_Needs_of_Virtual_Community_Participation_A_FIRO_Perspective/links/553a1ab60cf245bdd76235a0.pdf
Liddell, W. W., & Slocum, J. J. W. (1976). The effects of individual-role compatibility upon group performance : An extension of Schutz's FIRO theory. The Academy of Management Journal, 19 (3) 413-426. doi: 10.2307/255607
Lokyo, S. M, (2012). Privatization study, LWVSJC. Retrieved from http://sjc.ca.lwvnet.org/files/PrivDisadvantages.pdf
Mahoney, J. M., & Stasson, M. F. (2005). Interpersonal and personality dimensions of behavior : FIRO-B and the Big Five. North American Journal of Psychology, 7 (2), 205-216.
Manoharan, M. N., & Suresh, B. H. (2015). Are there variations in interpersonal skills between managers of large sized and managers of medium sized companies? – An empirical study. Global Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 4 (7), 138-141.
Mansfield. J., Winter, J., & Waner, K. (2012). A study of team performance in business communication : Can the FIRO-B help? ABD Journal, 4 (2), 1-19.
Marescaux, E., Winne, S. D., & Sels, L. (2012). HR practices and HRM outcomes: The role of basic need satisfaction. Personnel Review, 42(1), 4-27. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483481311285200
Marker, S. (2003). Unmet human needs. In G. Burgess & H. Burgess (eds.), Beyond intractability. Boulder : Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder.
Mitra, S., & Ghosh, A. K. (2012). A study on effect of attrition over financial performance of the companies in life insurance sector in India. National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business, pp.731-749.
Natarajan, N. K., Nagar, D., & Ayachit, D. (2011). Interpersonal differences: Implications for organizations. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 37 (1), 179-184.
Sayeed, O. B. (2010). FIRO-B & nurturant-task leadership model : Moderating influence of individual differences. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 45 (3), 446-458. doi: 10.2307/27768274
Schutz, W. (1966). The interpersonal underworld. Palo Alto : Consulting Psychologists Press, Science & Behavior Books.
Schutz, W. C. (1978). FIRO awareness scales manual. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Smith, J. B., & Barclay, D. W. (1997). The effects of organizational differences and trust on the effectiveness of selling partner relationships. Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 3-21. doi: 10.2307/1252186
Sparrowe, T. R., & Liden, C. R. (1997). Process and structure in leader-member exchange. The Academy of Management Review, 22 (2), 522-552.
Stoetzer, U. (2010). Interpersonal relationship at work: Organizations, working conditions and health (pp. 1-59). Stocklhom : Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute.
Stoetzer, U., Ahlberg, G., Bergman, P., Hallsten, L., & Lundberg, I. (2009). Working conditions predicting interpersonal relationship problems at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 18 (4), 424-441. doi: 10.1080/13594320802643616
Stone, D.N., Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Beyond talk: Creating autonomous motivation through self-determination theory. Journal of General Management, 34 (3), 75-91.
Sullivan, H. S. (1953). Conceptions of modern psychiatry. New York, NY : Norton.
Sullivan, H. S. (1954). The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. New York, NY : Norton.
Vickers, J., & Yarrow, G. (1991). Economic perspectives on privatization. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5 (2), 111- 132. doi: 10.1257/jep.5.2.111
World Business Council for Sustainable Development. (2002). The business case for sustainable development. Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://www.wbcsd.org/pages/edocument/edocumentdetails.aspx?id=197
