Mediating Effect of Attitude on the Determinants of Financial Misselling of Life Insurance Products in India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2021/v14i11/166980Keywords:
Attitude
, Agents, Financial Misselling, Insurance Services, Ethical Climate.JEL Classification Codes
, G52, M3, M31.Paper Submission Date
, April 5, 2021, Paper Sent Back for Revision, September 20, Paper Acceptance Date, October 20, Paper Published Online, November 20, 2021.Abstract
This study attempted to empirically validate a comprehensive model that combines individual traits, market competition, and organizational climate affecting the financial misselling by life insurance sales agents from an Indian perspective. The study adopted a cross-sectional design to collect survey data from 825 full-time insurance agents employed in life insurance companies in Karnataka state in South India. We found a positive relationship between misselling and ethical climate, indicating that salespeople’s perceptions might be changed by ethical codes, policies, or training but not their ethical behavior. Moreover, high-self monitors acting opportunistically to corner the sales by adopting dishonest sales practices indicated an instrumental ethical dimension. We also showed that competitive intensity positively influenced agents to exhibit financial misselling. Also, financial misselling increased when insurance companies designed varieties of complex products and exerted too much supervisory pressure on agents to amplify sales. Therefore, the working environment should enforce and promote a code of ethics that fosters an ethical attitude and hampers high self-monitors from pursuing individual interests at customers’ expense. There is a need to manage ethical and competitive climate and supervisors’ actions in reducing ethical conflicts and improving sales performance.Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
References
Ameer, I., & Halinen, A. (2019). Moving beyond ethical decision-making : A practice-based view to study unethical sales behavior. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 39(2), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2018.1544077
Browne, B. A., & Kaldenberg, D.O. (1997). Conceptualizing self - monitoring: Links to materialism and product involvement. Journal of Consumer Marketing,14(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363769710155848
Bush, V., Bush, A. J., Oakley, J., & Cicala, J. E. (2017). The sales profession as a subculture: Implications for ethical decision making. Journal of Business Ethics, 142(3), 549–565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2753-7
Cadogan, J. W., Lee, N., Tarkiainen, A., & Sundqvist, S. (2009). Sales manager and sales team determinants of salesperson ethical behaviour. European Journal of Marketing, 43(7/8), 907–937. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560910961452
Chakraborty, D. (2021). Factors influencing passengers’ purchase intention towards app-cab services in metro cities of India : A study on smartphone users. Indian Journal of Marketing, 51(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2021/v51/i1/156933
Challagalla, G. N., & Shervani, T. A. (1996). Dimensions and types of supervisory control: Effects on salesperson performance and satisfaction. Journal of Marketing, 60(1),89–105. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002224299606000108
Dominic, B., & Reshmi. (2021). Dealing with misselling: Impact of behavioural interventions on insurance agents. NHRD Network Journal, 14(2), 228–242. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2631454120987716
Ferran, E. (2012). Regulatory lessons from the payment protection insurance mis-selling scandal in the UK. European Business Organization Law Review (EBOR), 13(2), 247–270. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1566752912000171
Ferreira, F. A., Jalali, M.S., & Ferreira, J. J. (2016). Experience-focused thinking and cognitive mapping in ethical banking practices : From practical intuition to theory. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 4953–4958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.058
–
Friend, S. B., Jaramillo, F., & Johnson, J. S. (2020). Ethical climate at the frontline: A meta-analytic evaluation. Journal of Service Research, 23(2), 116–138. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1094670519898261
Fu, W., He, F., & Zhang, N. (2020). Antecedents of organizational commitment of insurance agents : Job satisfaction, ethical behavior, and ethical climate. Journal of Global Business Insights, 5(2), 134–149. https://www.doi.org/10.5038/2640-6489.5.2.1135
Haron, H., Ismail, I., & Razak, S. H. (2011). Factors influencing unethical behaviour of insurance agents. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(1), 84–100. https://people.utm.my/zulkifli/wp-content/blogs.dir/1797/files/2015/12/Factors-Unethical-Insurance-Hasnah.pdf
Kar, B., & Tripathy, A. (2021). Variation in conflict behaviours at departments and levels of management. Prabandhan : Indian Journal of Management, 14(1), 25–43. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2021/v14i1/15706
Kazi, R., Singh, A., & Sharma, A. (2018). The relationship between perceived ad morality and behavioral intentions exploring the mediation effect: Indian women’s perspective using structural equation modeling. Prabandhan : Indian Journal of Management, 11(3), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2018/v11i3/122074
Kloos, K. (2021). Managing service-level contracts in sales hierarchies. European Journal of Operational Research, 292(1), 184–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2020.10.033
Kumari, N., & Singh, D. (2018). Impact of organizational culture on employee performance. Prabandhan : Indian Journal of Management, 11(6), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2018/v11i6/128442
Martysz, C. B., & Rakowski, J. P. (2021). Misselling consumer awareness study–Circumstances surrounding the occurence of misselling. International Journal of Management and Economics, 57(2), 121–137. https://sciendo.com/pdf/10.2478/ijme-2021-0007
Mulki, J. P., Jaramillo, F., & Locander, W. B. (2006). Effects of ethical climate and supervisory trust on salesperson’s job attitudes and intentions to quit. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 26(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.2753/PSS0885-3134260102
Noor, N. A., & Muhamad, A. (2005). Individual factors that the predict customer-orientation behaviour of Malaysian life insurance agents. Jurnal Pengurusan (UKM Journal of Management), 24 (1), 125–149.
Rahayu, R. P. (2021). Analysis of sales strategy factors against consumer purchase interest in buying motorbike: Empirical study on Sinar Baru Dealer Pamekasan. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(3), 221–229.
Rashid, A., & Rokade, V. (2021). Multi-criterion decision making approach to assess retail service quality: A market perspective from Iraq. Prabandhan : Indian Journal of Management, 14(3), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2021/v14i3/158156
Rogoza, R., Danieluk, B., Kowalski, C. M., Kwiatkowska, K., & Kwiatkowska, M. M. (2021). Making and maintaining relationships through the prism of the dark triad traits: A longitudinal social network study. Journal of Personality, 89(2), 338–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12585
Schwepker Jr., C. H., & Good, D. J. (2007). Sales management’s influence on employment and training in developing an ethical sales force. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 27(4), 325–339. https://doi.org/10.2753/PSS0885-3134270404
Sharma, H., & Yadav, R. (2018). The relationship between organizational justice and work engagement : Trust as a mediator. Prabandhan : Indian Journal of Management, 11(3), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2018/v11i3/122078
Shetty, A., & Basri, S. (2017). Sales behavioral intentions of distribution channels in the insurance industry: A systematic review. Indian Journal of Marketing, 47(12), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2017/v47/i12/119899
Shetty, A., & Basri, S. (2018). Relationship orientation in banking and insurance services–A review of the evidence. Journal of Indian Business Research, 10(3), 237–255. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-10-2017-0176
Shetty, A., & Basri, S. (2019). The effect of relational selling on life insurance decision making in India. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 37(7), 1505–1524. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-09-2018-0236
Shetty, A., & Basri, S. (2020). Assessing the technical efficiency of traditional and corporate agents in Indian life insurance industry: Slack-based data envelopment analysis approach. Global Business Review, 21(2), 490–506. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0972150917749722
Singhapakdi, A., & Vitell, S. J. (1992). Marketing ethics: Sales professionals versus other marketing professionals. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 12(2), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.1992.10753905
Tiwari, S., & Bhagat, D. (2021). Moderating effect of emotional intelligence on occupational stress and burnout of health care professionals. Prabandhan : Indian Journal of Management, 14(4), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2021/v14i4/158724
Wotruba, T. R. (1990). A comprehensive framework for the analysis of ethical behavior, with a focus on sales organizations. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 10(2), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.1990.10753821
Yi, H. T., Dubinsky, A. J., & Lim, C. U. (2012). Determinants of telemarketer misselling in life insurance services. Journal of Services Marketing, 26(6), 403–418. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876041211257891
Zhuang, G., Herndon, N. C., & Tsang, A. S. (2012). The impact of buyers on salespersons’ ethical judgment and behavioral intention to practice gray marketing. Journal of Global Marketing, 25(1), 57–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2012.697386