Work from Home (WFH), COVID-19, and Its Impact on Women
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2021/v14i9/166294Keywords:
COVID-19
, Women, WFH, Pandemic.JEL Classification Codes
, M10, M14, M19.Paper Submission Date
, June 10, 2021, Paper Sent Back for Revision, July 15, Paper Acceptance Date, July 25, Paper Published Online, September 25, 2021.Abstract
COVID-19 may have forever transformed the way we work by changing views toward working from home (WFH). Half of the individuals who were employed before the pandemic are now working remotely. A rising number of organizations, including Facebook and Twitter, announced that they would allow people to work remotely permanently as they see for themselves that quality work can be done remotely. Productivity can be increased even in occupations that no one dreamed could be done online. Under these circumstances, women have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Women’s domestic experiences, health, job, and financial well-being have all been badly impacted. The pandemic has not only hampered women in the present, but it has also harmed their prospects. This commentary discussed the increased implications of work from home connected with COVID-19, and that the impacts on women need to be understood urgently.Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
References
Biswas, W., & Chakraborty, D. (2019). Impact of organizational values, compassion, and well-being on industrial disputes: An empirical study. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 12(1), 36–51. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2019/v12i1/141427
Bonacini, L., Gallo, G., & Scicchitano, S. (2020). Working from home and income inequality: Risks of a 'new normal' with COVID-19. Journal of Population Economics, 34(1), 303–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00148-020-00800-7
Cardel, M. I., Dhurandhar, E., Yarar-Fisher, C., Foster, M., Hidalgo, B., McClure, L. A., Pagoto, S., Brown, N., Pekmezi, D., Sharafeldin, N., Willig, A. L., & Angelini, C. (2020). Turning chutes into ladders for women faculty: A review and roadmap for equity in academia. Journal of Women's Health, 29(5), 721–733. https://doi.org/10.1089/JWH.2019.8027
Chakraborty, D. (2018). Impact of celebrity endorsed advertisements on rural consumers' purchase intention towards mobile SIM cards: A study conducted in West Bengal. Indian Journal of Marketing, 48(10), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2018/v48/i10/132335
Chakraborty, D. (2019a). Components affecting intention to use online dating apps in India: A study conducted on smartphone users. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 15(3), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/2319510X19872596
Chakraborty, D. (2019b). Factors responsible for making young urban consumers brand loyal: A study on mobile network operators. Journal of Management Development, 38(7), 616–636. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-01-2019-0029
Chakraborty, D. (2019c). Customer satisfaction towards food service apps in Indian metro cities. FIIB Business Review, 8(3), 245–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/2319714519844651
Chakraborty, D. (2019d). Indian shoppers’ attitude towards grocery shopping apps: A survey conducted on smartphone users. Metamorphosis, 18(2), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972622519885502
Chakraborty, D. (2020). Elements impacting the utilization expectation of various health-care apps in India: A study conducted on smartphone users. Foresight, 22(3), 385–400. https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-11-2019-0098
Chakraborty, D. (2021). Factors influencing passengers' purchase intention towards app-cab services in metro cities of India: A study on smartphone users. Indian Journal of Marketing, 51(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.17010/10.17010/ijom/2021/v51/i1/156933
Chakraborty, D., & Biswas, W. (2020). Going green with green HRM practices–A strategic initiative for reinvigorating performance optimization in companies. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 13(10–11), 8–26. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2020/v13i10-11/156006
Chakraborty, D., Santra, A., & Dhara, S. K. (2019). Factors affecting the liquid workforce in different organizations and its effectiveness. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 12(4), 44–60. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2019/v12i4/143348
Clarkson, B. G., Culvin, A., Pope, S., & Parry, K. D. (2020). Covid-19: Reflections on threat and uncertainty for the future of elite women's football in England. Managing Sport and Leisure. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1766377
Couch, D. L., O'Sullivan, B., & Malatzky, C. (2020). What COVID-19 could mean for the future of "work from home": The provocations of three women in the academy. Gender, Work, & Organization, 28(S1), 266–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12548
Dash, G., & Chakraborty, D. (2021). Transition to e-learning: By choice or by force–A cross-cultural and trans-national assessment. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 14(3), 8–23. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2021/v14i3/158151
Deshpande, A. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic and gendered division of paid and unpaid work: Evidence from India (IZA Discussion Papers No. 13815). https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/227342
Dezsö, C. L., & Ross, D. G. (2012). Does female representation in top management improve firm performance? A panel data investigation. Strategic Management Journal, 33(9), 1072–1089. https://doi.org/10.1002/SMJ.1955
Felstead, A., Jewson, N., & Walters, S. (2003). Managerial control of employees working at home. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 41(2), 241–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8543.00271
Ghosh, J. (2020). A critique of the Indian government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, 47(3), 519–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40812-020-00170-X
Hoffman, K. E., Garner, D., Koong, A. C., & Woodward, W. A. (2020). Understanding the intersection of working from home and burnout to optimize post-COVID19 work arrangements in radiation oncology. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 108(2), 370–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJROBP.2020.06.062
Hughes, J. C., & Rog, E. (2008). Talent management: A strategy for improving employee recruitment, retention and engagement within hospitality organizations. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 743–757. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110810899086
Jenkins, F., & Smith, J. (2021). Work-from-home during COVID-19: Accounting for the care economy to build back better. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 32(1), 22–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/1035304620983608
Kabeer, N. (1997). Women, wages and intra-household power relations in urban Bangladesh. Development and Change, 28(2), 261–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00043
Kaushik, M., & Guleria, N. (2020). The impact of pandemic COVID-19 in workplace. European Journal of Business and Management, 12(15), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.7176/EJBM/12-15-02
Klowden, K., & Lim, Q. (2021). Future of work : Insights for 2021 and beyond. https://www.infosys.com/navigate-your-next/research/documents/future-work-report.pdf
Koohsari, M. J., Nakaya, T., Shibata, A., Ishii, K., & Oka, K. (2021). Working from home after the COVID-19 pandemic: Do company employees sit more and move less? Sustainability, 13(2), 939. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13020939
Kumar, S., Dhir, A., Talwar, S., Chakraborty, D., & Kaur, P. (2021). What drives brand love for natural products? The moderating role of household size. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58, 102329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102329
Lewer, D., Braithwaite, I., Bullock, M., Eyre, M. T., White, P. J., Aldridge, R. W., Story, A., & Hayward, A. C. (2020). COVID-19 among people experiencing homelessness in England: A modelling study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(12), 1181–1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30396-9
Lovejoy, M., & Stone, P. (2012). Opting back in: The influence of time at home on professional women's career redirection after opting out. Gender, Work & Organization, 19(6), 631–653. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-0432.2010.00550.X
Maji, S., Bansod, S., & Singh, T. (2021). Domestic violence during COVID-19 pandemic: The case for Indian women. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/CASP.2501
Mishra, K., & Rampal, J. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic and food insecurity : A viewpoint on India. World Development, 135, 105068. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WORLDDEV.2020.105068
Pinchoff, J., Austrian, K., Rajshekhar, N., Abuya, T., Kangwana, B., Ochako, R., Tidwell, J. B., Mwanga, D., Muluve, E., Mbushi, F., Nzioki, M., & Ngo, T. D. (2021). Gendered economic, social and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation policies in Kenya: Evidence from a prospective cohort survey in Nairobi informal settlements. BMJ Open, 11(3), e042749. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-042749
Ray, D., & Subramanian, S. (2020). India's lockdown: An interim report. Indian Economic Review, 55(1), 31–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/S41775-020-00094-2
Reid, C., & LeDrew, R. A. (2013). The burden of being "employable": Underpaid and unpaid work and women's health. Affilia, 28(1), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109913476944
Russell, H., O'Connell, P. J., & McGinnity, F. (2009). The impact of flexible working arrangements on work–life conflict and work pressure in Ireland. Gender, Work & Organization, 16(1), 73–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00431.x
Sharma, N., & Vaish, H. (2020). Impact of COVID–19 on mental health and physical load on women professionals: An online cross-sectional survey. Health Care for Women International, 41(11–12), 1255–1272. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2020.1825441
Singu, H. B., & Chakraborty, D. (2021). I have the bank in my pocket: Theoretical evidence and perspectives. Journal of Public Affairs, Early View. e2568. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2568
Stacciarini, J. - M., & McDaniel, A. M. (2019). EMBRACE: Developing an inclusive leadership program with and for undergraduate nursing students. Journal of Professional Nursing, 35(1), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROFNURS.2018.09.001
Uddin, M. (2021). Addressing work-life balance challenges of working women during COVID-19 in Bangladesh. International Social Science Journal, 71(239–240), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/ISSJ.12267
van Dijk, J. A., Peters, O., & Ebbers, W. (2008). Explaining the acceptance and use of government Internet services: A multivariate analysis of 2006 survey data in the Netherlands. Government Information Quarterly, 25(3), 379–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GIQ.2007.09.006
Venter, Z. S., Barton, D. N., Gundersen, V., Figari, H., & Nowell, M. S. (2021). Back to nature: Norwegians sustain increased recreational use of urban green space months after the COVID-19 outbreak. Landscape and Urban Planning, 214, 104175. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANDURBPLAN.2021.104175
Vohra, N., Chari, V., Mathur, P., Sudarshan, P., Verma, N., Mathur, N., Thakur, P., Chopra, T., Srivastava, Y., Gupta, S., Dasmahapatra, V., Fonia, S., & Gandhi, H. K. (2015). Inclusive Workplaces: Lessons from Theory and Practice, 40(3), 324–362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090915601515
Vyas, L., & Butakhieo, N. (2020). The impact of working from home during COVID-19 on work and life domains: An exploratory study on Hong Kong. Policy Design and Practice, 4(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2020.1863560
Williams, J. C., Platt, A., & Lee, J. (2015). Disruptive Innovation: New models of legal practice. Hastings Law Journal, 67. https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/hastlj67&id=3&div=&collection=
Zentgraf, K. M. (2016). Immigration and women's empowerment: Salvadorans in Los Angeles. Gender & Society, 16(5), 625–646. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124302236989
