Facebook Posts : Exploration and Comprehension of Sensationalism

Authors

  •   Shekhar Trivedi Professor, Dr. Gaur Hari Singhania Institute of Management & Research, Kamla Nagar, Kanpur - 208 005, Uttar Pradesh
  •   Shashi Kant Dikshit Assistant Professor, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Tilauthu Road, Sasaram - 821 305, Bihar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2020/v13i8-9/155232

Keywords:

Sensationalism

, Social Media, Facebook Posts, Sensational News, Political Posts, Crime Posts

JEL Classification

, M3, M31, M37

Paper Submission Date

, October 15, 2019, Paper sent back for Revision, July 4, 2020, Paper Acceptance Date, September 15, 2020

Abstract

The research was done to explore and ratify sensationalism in Facebook posts as is present in the mass media. The question is whether the news through Facebook posts evokes sensationalism in the same way as it happens in case of mass media. To check the degree of sensationalism, 150 posts from three genres of crime, politics, and social interest were chosen as a stimulus in the form of news. Fifty respondents responded to 150 posts on a 7 - point Likert scale. The research tried to understand whether there is any difference in sensationalism towards sensational Facebook posts among people, or is it the same ; is there any difference in sensationalism towards Facebook posts from three different areas of crime, politics, and social interest; and whether people responded differently to foreign crime and Indian crime posts. The study also examined whether pro - BJP and anti - BJP posts evoked a different level of sensationalism. The research concluded that people exhibited a different degree of sensation towards sensational posts on Facebook ; while crime posts were found to be more sensational than social interest posts and political posts, the crime posts from the US scored higher than the Indian crime posts on being sensational.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Downloads

Published

2020-09-01

How to Cite

Trivedi, S., & Dikshit, S. K. (2020). Facebook Posts : Exploration and Comprehension of Sensationalism. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 13(8-9), 42–58. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2020/v13i8-9/155232

References

Aaj Tak. (2018, February 26). Vaardat : Kamra No. 2201 mein kya hua? [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nN1wuS9BHMk

Ajit, S., & Raj, V. J. P. (2012). Role of gender in consumers’ response to fear appeal advertisements. Indian Journal of Marketing, 42(9), 19 – 24.

Arbaoui, B., De Swert, K., & Van der Brug, W. (2020). Sensationalism in news coverage : A comparative study in 14 television systems. Communication Research, 47(2), 299–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650216663364

Arora, K. (2018, March 22). That Youtube video you liked might be Fake News. The Times of India. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/that-youtube-video-you-liked-might-be-fake-news/articleshow/63390381.cms

Arrese, Ã., & Kaufmann, J. (2016). Legacy and native news brands online : Do they show different news consumption patterns ? International Journal on Media Management, 18(2), 75–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2016.1200581

Barthel, M. L., Moon, R., & Mari, W. (2015). Who retweets whom ? How digital and legacy journalists interact on Twitter (Tow/Knight Report 030520151). New York : Tow Center for Digital Journalism.

Bednarek, M., & Caple, H. (2012). News discourse (Vol. 46). A&C Black.

Bernie Sanders. (n.d.). In Facebook [Political Candidate]. Retrieved February 20, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/berniesanders

Blumler, J. G., & Kavanagh, D. (1999). The third age of political communication: Influences and features. Political Communication, 16(3), 209–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/105846099198596

Brigitte Gabriel. (n.d.). In Facebook [Author]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/RealBrigitteGabriel

Burgers, C., & De Graaf, A. (2013). Language intensity as a sensationalistic news feature : The influence of style on sensationalism perceptions and effects. Communications, 38(2), 167–188. https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2013-0010

Chadwick, A., Vaccari, C., & O'Loughlin, B. (2018). Do tabloids poison the well of social media ? Explaining democratically dysfunctional news sharing. New Media & Society, 20(11), 4255–4274. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818769689

Chan, A. K. P., & Chan, V. M. S. (2012). Public perception of crime and attitudes toward police : Examining the effects of media news. Retrieved from http://dspace.cityu.edu.hk/handle/2031/6835

Chen, Y., Conroy, N. J., & Rubin, V. L. (2015). Misleading online content: recognizing clickbait as" false news". In, WMDD'15 : Proceedings of the 2015 ACM on Workshop on Multimodal Deception Detection (pp.15–19). New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/2823465.2823467

Coast to Coast AM. (n.d.). In Facebook [Radio Station]. Retrieved July 15, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/coasttocoastam

Cop Block. (n.d.). In Facebook [News Personality]. Retrieved July 20, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/CopBlock-176716686587580

Curran, J., Salovaara-Moring, I., Coen, S., & Iyengar, S. (2010). Crime, foreigners and hard news : A cross-national comparison of reporting and public perception. Journalism, 11(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884909350640

Dainik Aaj. (n.d.). In Facebook [Media/News Company]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/DainikAaj

Dainik Jagran. (n.d.). In Facebook [Newspaper]. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/dainikjagran.kanpur

Domingo, D., Quandt, T., Heinonen, A., Paulussen, S., Singer, J. B., & Vujnovic, M. (2008). Participatory journalism practices in the media and beyond : An international comparative study of initiatives in online newspapers. Journalism Practice, 2(3), 326 – 342. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512780802281065

Dor, D. (2003). On newspaper headlines as relevance optimizers. Journal of Pragmatics, 35(5), 695–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00134-0

Durant, A., & Lambrou, M. (2009). Language and the media. London : Routledge.

Frampton, B. (2015, September 14). Clickbait: The changing face of online journalism. BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-34213693

Globisch, J., Hamm, A. O., Esteves, F., & Öhman, A. (1999). Fear appears fast : Temporal course of startle reflex potentiation in animal fearful subjects. Psychophysiology, 36(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0048577299970634

Grabe, M. E., Zhou, S., & Barnett, B. (2001). Explicating sensationalism in television news: Content and the bells and whistles of form. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 45(4), 635–655. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4504_6

Hanser, E., McKevitt, P., Lunney, T., & Condell, J. (2010). NewsViz : Emotional visualization of news stories. In, Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Computational Approaches to Analysis and Generation of Emotion in Text (pp. 125 –130). Los Angeles, CA : Association for Computational Linguistics.

Harcup, T., & O'Neill, D. (2017). What is news? News values revisited (again). Journalism Studies, 18(12), 1470 – 1488. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150193

Headman, U., & Djerf-Pierre, M. (2013). The social journalist : Embracing the social media life or creating a new digital divide ? Digital Journalism, 1(3), 368 – 385. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2013.776804

Hong, J. - H. (2018). Network analysis and frame analysis on the sensationalism of news coverage according to the influence of news production environment: Based on the #metoo movement of celebrity. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 18(7), 103 – 119. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2018.18.07.103

I Am With Barkha Dutt. (n.d.). In Facebook [Fan Page]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/iamwithbarkhadutt

I Support Narendra Modi. (n.d.). In Facebook [Political Organisation]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/iSupportNamo

Indian Express. (n.d.). In Facebook [Newspaper]. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/indianexpress/

Indiantelevision.com. (2018, January 11). BARC Ratings : Zee News leads in Hindi News urban market. Retrieved from http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/viewership/barc-ratings-zee-news-leads-in-hindi-news-urban-market-180111

James, S., Kavanagh, P. S., Jonason, P. K., Chonody, J. M., & Scrutton, H. E. (2014). The Dark Triad, schadenfreude, and sensational interests : Dark personalities, dark emotions, and dark behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 211–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.04.020

Jones, J. P. (2012). The 'new' news as no ‘news’: US cable news channels as branded political entertainment television. Media International Australia, 144(1), 146–155. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X1214400119

Kalsnes, B., & Larsson, A. O. (2018). Understanding news sharing across social media : Detailing distribution on Facebook and Twitter. Journalism Studies, 19(11), 1669–1688. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1297686

Kaur, B., & Sharma, R. R. (2018). Impact of viral advertising on product promotion : An experimental study. Indian Journal of Marketing, 48(6), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2018/v48/i6/127837

Kaur, M., & Verma, R. (2018). Demographics, social media usage, and political engagement in Punjab. Indian Journal of Marketing, 48(11), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2018/v48/i11/137984

Kilgo, D. K., & Sinta, V. (2016). Six things you didn’t know about headline writing : Sensationalistic form in viral news content from traditional and digitally native news organizations. The Official Journal of the International Symposium of Online Journalism, 6(1), 111–130.

Kilgo, D. K., Harlow, S., García-Perdomo, V., & Salaverría, R. (2018). A new sensation ? An international exploration of sensationalism and social media recommendations in online news publications. Journalism, 19(11), 1497–1516. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884916683549

Kilgo, D. K., Lough, K., & Riedl, M. J. (2020). Emotional appeals and news values as factors of shareworthiness in Ice Bucket Challenge coverage. Digital Journalism, 8(2), 267–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1387501

Kleemans, M., & Hendriks Vettehen, P. G. J. (2009). Sensationalism in television news : A review. In, R. P. Konig, P. W. M. Nelissen, & F. J. M. Huysmans (eds.), Meaningful media: Communication research on the social construction of reality (pp. 226 –243). Nijmegen, The Netherlands : Tandem Felix.

Kleemans, M., Vettehen, P. G. H., Eisinga, R., Beentjes, J. W., & Janssen, L. (2017). How sensationalist features affect television news preferences and recognition among young viewers. Poetics, 63, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2017.07.001

Klinenberg, E. (2005). Convergence : News production in a digital age. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 597(1), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716204270346

Kramer, E. (2013). When news becomes entertainment : Representations of corruption in Indonesia’s media and the implication of scandal. Media Asia, 40(1), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2013.11689951

Kristensen, N. N., & From, U. (2012). Lifestyle journalism : Blurring boundaries. Journalism Practice, 6(1), 26 – 41. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2011.622898

Lasorsa, D. L., Lewis, S. C., & Holton, A. E. (2012). Normalizing Twitter : Journalism practice in an emerging communication space. Journalism Studies, 13(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2011.571825

Lengauer, G., Esser, F., & Berganza, R. (2012). Negativity in political news : A review of concepts, operationalizations and key findings. Journalism, 13(2), 179–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884911427800

Maxwell, J., & Davidson, R. (2004). Unequally masked : Indexing differences in the perceptual salience of "unseen" facial expressions. Cognition & Emotion, 18(8), 1009–1026. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930441000003

McLachlan, S., & Golding, P. (2000). Tabloidization in the British press : A quantitative investigation into changes within British newspapers from 1952 – 1997. In, C. Sparks & J. Tulloch (eds.), Tabloid tales : Global debates over media standards (pp. 75 – 90). London : Hampton Press.

Modi Real Fans Club. (n.d.). In Facebook [Politician]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/Realmodifans,

Molek-Kozakowska, K. (2013). Towards a pragma-linguistic framework for the study of sensationalism in news headlines. Discourse & Communication, 7(2), 173–197. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481312471668

Murtha, J. (2015, July 13). What it’s like to get paid for clicks. Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved from https://www.cjr.org/analysis/the_mission_sounds_simple_pay.php

Osborn, J., & Derbyshire, S. W. (2010). Pain sensation evoked by observing injury in others. Pain, 148(2), 268 –274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2009.11.007

Padival, A., Michael, L. K., & Hebbar, S. (2019). Consumer perception towards social media advertisements : A study done in a semi-urban city of South India. Indian Journal of Marketing, 49(2), 38 – 51. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2019/v49/i2/141582

Pantti, M. (2010). The value of emotion : An examination of television journalists’ notions on emotionality. European Journal of Communication, 25(2), 168–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323110363653

Pengnate, S. F. (2016). Measuring emotional arousal in clickbait : Eye-tracking approach. In, 22nd Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2016. San Diego, CA, USA, August 11–14, 2016. Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2016/HCI/Presentations/3

Peters, C. (2011). Emotion aside or emotional side? Crafting an ‘experience of involvement’ in the news. Journalism, 12(3), 297–316. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884910388224

PM Modi Fan Club. (n.d.). In Facebook [New & Media Website]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/pmmodifanclub101

Purcell, K., Rainie, L., Mitchell, A., Rosenstiel, T., & Olmstead, K. (2010). Understanding the participatory news consumer (Pew Internet and American Life Project). Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/wpcontent/uploads/sites/8/legacy/Participatory_News_Consumer.pdf

Randev, D. J. (2014). The nature of tabloidized content in newspapers : An overview. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR - JHSS), 19(4), 41–46. https://doi.org/10/9790/0837-19484146

Reagh, Z. M., & Knight, D. C. (2013). Negative, but not positive emotional images modulate the startle response independent of conscious awareness. Emotion, 13(4), 782–791. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032286

Rosas, O. V., & Serrano-Puche, J. (2018). News media and the emotional public sphere — Introduction. International Journal of Communication, 12, 2031 – 2039.

Satya, S. (2012). Leisure, social networking and mass media : The evolving confluence. Indian Journal of Marketing, 42(1), 11–16.

Scott, D. K., & Gobetz, R. H. (1992). Hard news/soft news content of the national broadcast networks, 1972–1987. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 69(2), 406–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909206900214

Shoemaker, P. J., & Reese, S. D. (2014). Mediating the message in the 21st century : A media sociology perspective. USA : Routledge.

Slattery, K. L., & Hakanen, E. A. (1994). Trend: Sensationalism versus public affairs content of local TV news : Pennsylvania revisited. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 38(2), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838159409364257

Smriti Irani: Is content of DD and AIR worth Rs 2,500 cr ? (2018, February 27). The Asian Age. Retrieved from https://www.asianage.com/india/all-india/270218/smriti-irani-is-content-of-dd-and-air-worth-rs-2500-cr.html

Spillane, B., Hoe, I., Brady, M., Wade, V., & Lawless, S. (2020, April). Tabloidization versus credibility : Short term gain for long term pain. In, Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'20) (pp. 1–15). New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376388

Stanca, L., Gui, M., & Gallucci, M. (2013). Attracted but unsatisfied : The effects of sensational content on television consumption choices. Journal of Media Economics, 26(2), 82–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2013.785552

The Guardian. (n.d.). In Facebook [Newspaper]. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/theguardian

The Lallantop. (n.d.). In Facebook [Media/News Company]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/thelallantop

The Logical Indian. (n.d.). In Facebook [New & Media Website]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/logical.indian

Thomas, L. M., & Mariswamy, H. K. (2017). Impact of globalization on Indian media : A study of ‘credibility’ of Indian news channels. Educational Research International, 6(1), 14 – 24.

U.P. Police. (n.d.). In Facebook [Government Organisation]. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/uppolice

Umbricht, A., & Esser, F. (2016). The push to popularize politics : Understanding the audience-friendly packaging of political news in six media systems since the 1960s. Journalism Studies, 17(1), 100 –121. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.963369

Vettehen, P. H., Beentjes, J., Nuijten, K., & Peeters, A. (2010). Arousing news characteristics in Dutch television news 1990 – 2004 : An exploration of competitive strategies. Mass Communication and Society, 14(1), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205431003615893

Vliegenthart, R., Boomgaarden, H. G., & Boumans, J. W. (2011). Changes in political news coverage: Personalization, conflict and negativity in British and Dutch newspapers. In, K. Brants & K. Voltmer (eds.), Political communication in postmodern democracy (pp. 92 – 110). London : Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230294783_6

Volek, J. J. (2009). Quality press and (or) economic success ? Commercialization of press and key dilemmas of Czech newspaper editors. Observatorio (OBS*), 3(2), 40 – 61. https://doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS322009238

Wang, T. - L. (2012). Presentation and impact of market-driven journalism on sensationalism in global TV news. International Communication Gazette, 74(8), 711–727. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048512459143

Wang, T. L., & Cohen, A. A. (2009). Factors affecting viewers’ perceptions of sensationalism in television news : A survey study in Taiwan. Issues & Studies, 45(2), 125 –157.

Whelan, G., Moon, J., & Grant, B. (2013). Corporations and citizenship arenas in the age of social media. Journal of Business Ethics, 118(4), 777 – 790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1960-3

Yadav, M. (2017). Social media as a marketing tool: Opportunities and challenges. Indian Journal of Marketing, 47(3), 16 – 28. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2017/v47/i3/111420

Zhou, S., & Shen, B. (2009). The dramatic elements in television news and their implications for sensationalism. China Media Report Overseas, 5(2), 52+.