Developing and Validating a Questionnaire to Measure Some Factors of School Culture : A Psychometric Process
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2017/v10i11/119397Keywords:
Convergent Validity
, Discriminant Validity, Factor Analysis, Organization Culture, Primary SchoolI200
, I210, M000Paper Submission Date
, August 5, 2017, Paper sent back for Revision, October 12, Paper Acceptance Date, October 24, 2017.Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to describe the process undertaken to evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire developed to measure certain factors of school organization culture. Although various instruments are available to measure aspects of organization culture, instrument specific to measure school culture is limited. Factor analysis and construct validity tests (convergent validity and discriminant validity) were used to confirm the reliability and validity of the instrument. This study was non experimental, cross-sectional, and quantitative in nature. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 326 teachers in private and municipal schools in Mumbai. The response rate was 93%. Factor analysis of the 15 item instrument yielded a four-factor structure. The scale composite reliability values were found to be well above 0.7 and the average variance extracted values were also above the recommended value of 0.5. The study is an important contribution to the scarce research work in the field of school culture in India.Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
References
Akash,T. (2016, October 12). Teacher shortage: Affecting more than just the literacy levels ? Retrieved from https://www.toppr.com/bytes/teacher-shortage-in-the-country/
Andaleeb, S. S., & Conway, C. (2006). Customer satisfaction in the restaurant industry: An examination of the transaction-specific model. Journal of Services Marketing, 20(1), 3 - 11. doi:10.1108/08876040!10646536
Barsky, A., & Kaplan, S. A. (2007). If you feel bad, it’s unfair: A quantitative synthesis of affect and organizational justice perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92 (1), 286 - 295.
Bryman, A., & Cramer, D. (2011). Quantitative data analysis with IBM SPSS statistics 17, 18 and 19: A guide for social scientists. London: Routledge, Psychology Press.
Cameron, K. S., & Quinn, R. E. (2006). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture: Based on the competing values framework (Rev. ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Chalofsky, N., & Griffin, M. G. (2005). Work-life programs and organizational culture: The essence of workplace community, In M. L. Morris & F. M. Nafuco (Eds.), Academy of Human Resource Development 2003 Conference Proceedings (pp. 1095-1101). Bowling Green, OH: AHRD.
Curran, P.J., West, S.G., & Finch, J.F.(1996).The robustness of test statistics to non normality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1 (1), 16 - 19.
Davies, H.T.O., Nutley, S.M., & Mannion, R.(2000). Organizational culture and quality of health care. Quality in Health Care, 9 (2), 111 - 119.
Forehand, G. A., & Von Gilmer, H. (1964). Environmental variation in studies of organizational behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 62 (6), 361-382.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1), 39 - 50.
Gaski, J. F., & Nevin, J. R. (1985). The differential effects of exercised and unexercised power sources in a marketing channel. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR), 22(2), 130 - 142.
Goll, I., & Zeitz, G. (1991). Conceptualizing and measuring corporate ideology. Organization Studies, 12 (2), 191-207.
Hobfoll, S. E. (2001).The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50 (3), 337 - 421.
Hosseini, S. A. (2014). Components of organizational culture based on Dension Model. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 3 (12a), 31 - 42.
Hurn, B. J., & Tomalin, B.(2013). Cross- cultural communication, theory and practice. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Iyer, R. D. (2017). Uncovering students' motivation for learning science: Gender differences in Mumbai. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 9(3), 16-30.
Kane-Urrabazo, C. (2006). Management's role in shaping organizational culture. Journal of Nursing Management, 14 (3), 188 - 194. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2934.2006.00590.x
Khan, S. K. (2016). Influence of organizational culture on teacher's work engagement: An empirical study. IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15 (4), 27- 45.
Kim, H.Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 38(1), 52 - 54. DOI : http://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52
Kingdon, G. G., & Mohammed, M. (2003). The political economy of education in India: Teacher politics in Uttar Pradesh. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Kulkarni, P.M., Kumar, D.N.S., & Janakiram, B. (2009). Organizational culture and employee job satisfaction - A case study of an automobile dealer in the city of Belgaum, Karnataka, India. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 2 (2), 25 - 31. doi:10.17010/pijom/2009/v2i2/60886
Laschinger, H.K., Finegan, J., Shamian, J.A., & Casier, S. (2000). Organizational trust and empowerment in restructured healthcare settings: Effects on staff nurse commitment. Journal of Nursing Administration, 30 (9), 413 - 425.
Lepak, D.P., Takeuchi, R., Erhardt, N. L., & Colakoglu, S. (2006). Emerging perspectives on the relationship between HRM and performance. In R. J. Burke & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), The human resources revolution: Why putting people first matters (pp. 31-54). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
Maria, R. F. S., & Watkins, K. E. (2001). Perceptions of learning culture and concerns about the innovation on use of innovation: A question of level of analysis. In O. A. Aliaga (Ed.), Academy of Human Resource Development 2001 Conference Proceedings (paper 36-1). Baton Rouge, LA: AHRD.
Maslowski, R. (2006).A review of inventories for diagnosing school culture. Journal of Educational Administration, 44(1), 6 - 35.
Mayo, M., Sanchez, J. I., Pastor, J. C., & Rodriguez, A. (2012). Supervisor and coworker support: A source congruence approach to buffering role conflict and physical stressors. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23 (18), 3872 - 3889. doi:10.1080/09585192.2012.676930
Mukherji, A. (2007, September 8). Abysmal payscales are forcing educators to leave the mainstream school system and work for coaching classes. The Times of India. Retrieved from http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=VE9JTS8yMDA3LzA5LzA4I0FyMDAyMDA=&Mode=HTML
Newmann, F., & Wehlage, G. (1995). Successful school restructuring. University of Wisconsin - Madison: Center on Organization and Restructuring Schools.
O'Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J. A., & Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34 (3), 487-516.
Ott, J.(1989). The organizational culture perspective. Chicago: Dorsey.
Pillai, R., Williams, S.E., & Tan, J.J.(2001). Are the scales tipped in favor of procedural or distributive justice? an investigation of the US., India, Germany , and Hong Kong (China). The International Journal of Conflict Management,12 (4),312 - 332.
Quinn, R.E. & Rohrbaugh, J. (1983). A spatial model of effectiveness criteria: Towards a competing values approach to organizational analysis. Management Science, 29(3), 363 - 377.
Raghunath, P. (2014, December 10). Mumbai municipal schools plagued by high dropout rate. Gulf News. Retrieved from http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/india/mumbai-municipal-schools-plagued-by-high-dropout-rate-1.1425021
Rana, G., & Garg, P. (2011). Measuring organization culture in different organizations -An empirical study. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 4 (2), 34 - 38. doi:10.17010/pijom/2011/v4i2/62095
Richey, R., Genchev, S., & Daugherty, P. (2005). The role of resource commitment and innovation in reverse logistics performance. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 35(4), 233 - 257. doi:10.1108/09600030510599913
Roy, P.(2012). Organizational culture as a predictor of industrial relations: A study of Indian industries. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 5 (9), 37- 48. doi:10.17010/pijom/2012/v5i9/60268
Schein, E. M. (2004). Organizational culture and leadership (3rd. ed.). San Fransisco, CA: Jossy-Bass.
Schein, E.(1990). Organizational culture. American Psychologist, 45(2),109 - 119.
Scott, T., Mannion, R., Davies, H., & Marshall, M. (2003). The quantitative measurement of organizational culture in health care: A review of the available instruments. Health Services Research, 38(3), 923 - 945. DOI : http://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.00154
Tahir, A., & Qadir, S. A. (2012). Challenges of classroom management to effective teacher socialization: A study of beginning English teachers. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 32(1), 21- 37.
Viswesvaran, C, Sanchez, J.I., & Fisher. J.(1999). The role of social support in the process of work stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54 (2), 314 - 334.
Weiner, M. (1990). The child and the state in India: Child labor and education policy in comparative perspective. Princeton : Princeton University Press.
Zhu, C., Devos, G., & Li, Y. (2011). Teacher perceptions of school culture and their organizational commitment and well-being in a Chinese school. Asia Pacific Education Review, 12 (2), 319 - 328.
