Purpose : This investigation scrutinized the efficacy of the Dravidian model in socio-economic development within Tamil Nadu and juxtaposed it with the paradigms observed in Maharashtra and Gujarat to discern its impact on societal advancement.

Methodology : The study examined several social and economic variables in these states using a longitudinal analysis spanning from 1991 to 2021. A thorough structural model was built to carefully investigate the relationship between the economic policies that were put into place and the social development indicators that emerged.

Findings : The empirical data obtained from this research demonstrated a strong positive correlation between the Dravidian model’s application and Tamil Nadu’s social advancement, indicating the model’s greater effectiveness in comparison to Maharashtra and Gujarat states. This finding further demonstrated the Dravidian Model’s ability to accelerate socioeconomic development.

Practical Implications : The results suggested that inclusive growth frameworks, which are similar to the Dravidian model, should be used as practical means of achieving long-term socioeconomic development. Policymakers and industry stakeholders’ strategic conversations will be informed and enhanced by this inference.

Originality : This study departed from other investigations by providing empirical evidence that supports the Dravidian model’s pivotal function in promoting inclusive growth. As such, it contributed to the conversation about socioeconomic development tactics in developing nations.

1. Addison, T., Gisselquist, R. M., Niño-Zarazúa, M., & Singhal, S. (2015). Needs versus expediency: Poverty reduction and social development in post-conflict countries (WIDER Working Paper 2015/063). UNU-WIDER. https://doi.org/10.35188/UNU-WIDER/2015/952-7
2. Aggarwal, R. (2017). Economics of e-learning in higher education : The Indian case. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 10(6), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2017/v10i6/115374
3. Bhagwati, J., & Panagariya, A. (2013). Why growth matters: How economic growth in India reduced poverty and the lessons for other developing countries. Public Affairs. 279. https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/books/279/
4. Bhoir, R. B., & Dayre, S. R. (2015). Does India's economic growth independent of fiscal deficit? The Business & Management Review, 5(4), 189–192. https://cberuk.com/cdn/conference_proceedings/2015iciee_india31.pdf
5. Bhuyan, S., & Islam, S. (2016). Present status of socio-economic conditions of the fishing community of the Meghna river adjacent to Narsingdi district, Bangladesh. Journal of Fisheries & Livestock Production, 4(4), 1000192. https://doi.org/10.4172/2332- 2608.1000192
6. Chakraborty, D., & Altekar, S. (2021). Work from home (WFH), COVID-19, and its impact on women. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 14(9), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2021/v14i9/166294
7. Chotia, V., & Rao, N. (2015). Examining the interlinkages between regional infrastructure disparities, economic growth, and poverty: A case of Indian States. Economic Annals, 60(205), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.2298/EKA1505053C
8. Das, K. (2017). Industrial clustering in India: Local dynamics and the global debate. In K. Das (ed.), Indian industrial clusters (pp. 1–20). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315252438
9. Das, R., & Das, A. K. (2011). Industrial cluster: An approach for rural development in North East India. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 2(2), 161–165. https://www.ijtef.org/papers/96-F514.pdf
10. Das, T., & Roy, T. B. (2020). More than individual factors; Is there any contextual effect of unemployment, poverty and literacy on the domestic spousal violence against women? A multilevel analysis on Indian context. SSM - Population Health, 12, 100691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100691
11. Diamantopoulos, A., & Winklhofer, H. M. (2001). Index construction with formative indicators: An alternative to scale development. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2), 269 – 277.
12. Dixit, R., & Ghosh, M. (2013). Financial inclusion for inclusive growth of India - A study of Indian states. International Journal of Business Management & Research (IJBMR), 3(1), 147–156.
13. Drèze, J., & Sen, A. (2013). An uncertain glory: India and its contradictions. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.23943/9781400848775
14. Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
15. Hussin, F., & Yik, S. Y. (2012). The contribution of economic sectors to economic growth: The cases of China and India. Research in Applied Economics, 4(4), 38–53. https://doi.org/10.5296/rae.v4i4.2879
16. Kala, K., Akbar Jan, N., Subramani, A. K., & Banureka, R. (2017). Upshot of occupational stress on work life balance of employees working in information technology organizations in Chennai. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 10(7), 50–59. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2017/v10i7/116494
17. Kalaiyarasan, A., & Vijayabaskar, M. (2021). The Dravidian model: Interpreting the political economy of Tamil Nadu. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108933506
18. Kaushal, S., & Ghosh, A. (2018). Banking, insurance and economic growth in India: An empirical analysis of relationship from regulated to liberalized era. Journal of Financial Economic Policy, 10(1), 17–37. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFEP-03-2017-0022
19. Kennedy, L. (2013). The politics of economic restructuring in India: Economic governance and state spatial rescaling. Routledge.
20. Khan, J. H., Shamshad, & Hassan, T. (2012). Unemployment and levels of socio-economic deprivation in India: A regional perspective. British Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 126–140.
21. Kohli, A. (2012). Poverty amid plenty in the new India. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139015080
22. Koner, J., Purandare, A., & Dhume, A. (2012). An empirical study on impact of infrastructural development on social and economic growth in Indian states. European Journal of Business and Management, 4(17), 16–26.
23. Korkmaz, S. (2015). Impact of bank credits on economic growth and inflation. Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, 5(1), 57–69. https://www.scienpress.com/upload/jafb/vol%205_1_4.pdf
24. Kwatra, S., Kumar, A., Sharma, P., Sharma, S., & Singhal, S. (2016). Benchmarking sustainability using indicators: An Indian case study. Ecological Indicators, 61(Part 2), 928–940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.10.049
25. Lokhande, M. A. (2017). Analysis of entrepreneurial skill development of disadvantaged group entrepreneurs. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 10(3), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2017/v10i3/111423
26. Mahmud, W., Asadullah, M. N., & Savoia, A. (2013). Bangladesh's achievements in social development indicators: Explaining the puzzle. Economic and Political Weekly, 48(44), 26–28. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23528801
27. Mohanty, A., & Das, G. P. (2017). Revisiting the Arthashastra: An approach to emotional intelligence. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 10(5), 24–36. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2017/v10i5/114253
28. Pereira, M. G., Sena, J. A., Freitas, M. A., & da Silva, N. F. (2011). Evaluation of the impact of access to electricity: A comparative analysis of South Africa, China, India and Brazil. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(3), 1427–1441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.005
29. Saari, U. A., Damberg, S., Frömbling, L., & Ringle, C. M. (2021). Sustainable consumption behavior of Europeans: The influence of environmental knowledge and risk perception on environmental concern and behavioral intention. Ecological Economics, 189, 107155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107155
30. Sarmah, G. N., & Das, D. K. (2012). Micro finance, self help groups (SHGS) and the socio - economic development of rural people (A case study with special reference to the Lakhimpur district of Assam). Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 2(4), 145–159.
31. Singh, N., & Nigam, S. (2021). Value-based segmentation of generation Z women consumers of India: Replication and validation of model. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 14(10), 8–23. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2021/v14i10/166641
32. Singh, P. (2011). We-ness and welfare: A longitudinal analysis of social development in Kerala, India. World Development, 39(2), 282–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.025
33. Singh, R. (2016). Female literacy and economic development in India. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 8(2), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v8n2.07
34. Solanki, S., Inumula, K. M., & Chitnis, A. (2020). Sectoral contribution to economic development in India: A time-series co-integration analysis. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(9), 191–200. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no9.191
35. Tomar, J. S. (2017). State of IT adoption in SMEs in India. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 10(1), 40–53. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2017/v10i1/109102
36. Tripathi, S., Gautam, S., & Lal, A. (2017). Evolving human resource landscape of the Indian retail sector: Bridging the skill-gap. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 10(2), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2017/v10i2/110633